Saudi Arabia’s tax system is structured to promote economic growth and attract foreign investment. Below is a detailed overview of the key tax components:
1. Personal Income Tax
Absence of Personal Income Tax: Individuals, whether Saudi nationals or expatriates, are not subject to personal income tax on their earnings. This policy enhances the Kingdom’s appeal to foreign workers and investors.
2. Corporate Income Tax
Standard Rate: A 20% corporate tax rate applies to non-Saudi and non-GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) entities operating within Saudi Arabia. This tax is levied on net adjusted profits.
Oil and Hydrocarbon Sector: Companies engaged in the extraction and production of oil and hydrocarbons are subject to higher tax rates, which can range up to 85%, depending on specific criteria and production levels.
3. Zakat
Applicability: Zakat is an Islamic levy imposed on Saudi and GCC nationals and wholly owned entities. It is calculated at 2.5% of the Zakat base, which generally represents the net worth of the business.
4. Value-Added Tax (VAT)
Standard Rate: A 15% VAT is imposed on most goods and services, effective from July 2020. Certain essential goods and services may be exempt or subject to zero-rating, as specified by law.
5. Withholding Tax
Applicability: Payments made by Saudi-resident entities to non-resident parties for services rendered are subject to withholding tax. Rates vary based on the nature of the payment:
- 5%: Applied to dividends, interest, air and sea freight services, and payments related to insurance and reinsurance contracts.
- 15%: Applied to rentals, income from intellectual property rights, and other unclassified services.
- 20%: Applied to payments to professionals in entertainment or sports fields.
6. Social Insurance Contributions
- Saudi Employees: Employers contribute 12% of an employee’s salary to social insurance, while the employee contributes 10%.
- Non-Saudi Employees: Employers are required to pay a 2% contribution to cover occupational hazards; non-Saudi employees are exempt from other social insurance contributions.
7. Real Estate Transaction Tax (RETT)
Rate: A 5% tax is levied on the total value of real estate transactions, including sales, transfers, and similar activities. Certain exemptions may apply, such as transfers between immediate family members.
8. Excise Tax
Applicability: Excise taxes are imposed on specific goods deemed harmful to public health or the environment, including:
- 100%: On tobacco products and energy drinks.
- 50%: On carbonated drinks.
9. Customs Duties
Standard Rate: Customs duties are applied to imported goods, with rates varying depending on the type of product. Certain essential goods may be exempt or subject to reduced rates to promote affordability.