In our increasingly interconnected world, a second citizenship is no longer just a luxury for the elite—it's an smart strategy for achieving global freedom of movement, tax optimization, and personal security. By pinpointing the cheapest citizenship by investment programs, prospective investors can enjoy benefits like visa-free travel, favorable business conditions, and legal protection in a new home country.
If you’re exploring options for a cheapest golden visa program, aiming for the cheapest permanent residency in Europe, or simply want the cheapest passport to buy in the Caribbean, this article will help you compare leading programs. We’ll also dive into how much you can expect to invest, how to manage potential additional costs, and why these programs continue to attract globally minded individuals, entrepreneurs, retirees, and families.
- Citizenship by Investment programs (often called Golden Visa programs) are legitimate, government-endorsed pathways to obtaining a second citizenship or residency via investment.
- Total costs vary based on investment requirements (e.g., donations, real estate), due diligence, family size, and legal fees.
- The cheapest citizenship to buy is commonly found in the Caribbean (e.g., St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, St. Lucia, Grenada) and certain European nations (notably Malta or Greece’s Golden Visa program, although most EU options begin as residency pathways).
- Second citizenship offers visa-free travel, favorable tax benefits, lifestyle perks, and often serves as an attractive inheritance for future generations.
- Mirabello Consultancy provides expert guidance on identifying the cheapest golden visa countries and selecting a program aligned with each investor’s goals and budget.
What are Citizenship by Investment Programs?
Citizenship by Investment programs are legal frameworks established by various countries to attract foreign capital. In return for a qualified investment such as a direct contribution to a government fund, the purchase of government-approved real estate, or a stake in a local enterprise, applicants (and their eligible dependents) can acquire citizenship and a corresponding passport. These schemes are designed to bolster economic growth, infuse local markets with investment capital, and foster international collaborations.
Citizenship by Investment vs. Golden Visa: What’s the Difference?
Citizenship by Investment: Typically provides a direct route to full citizenship, often within a short time frame (3–12 months, depending on the program).
Golden Visa (Residency by Investment): Offers residency rights first (renewable permits), with the possibility to apply for citizenship after meeting residency requirements over several years.
Because some nations label all investment-based immigration routes as “Golden Visas,” you may see the terms used interchangeably. However, in practice, immediate citizenship programs (e.g., many Caribbean nations) tend to have different thresholds and processes than residency-first models (like Portugal’s Golden Visa or Greece’s Golden Visa). So, Golden Visa is your Plan B while Citizenship by Investment is your true freedom.
Who Benefits from the Cheapest Citizenship by Investment?
1. Global Entrepreneurs and Investors
A new passport can unlock previously restricted markets, making it easier to establish foreign subsidiaries, access global banking systems, and capitalize on cross-border business opportunities.
2. Frequent Travelers
Having the cheapest golden passport from a well-regarded jurisdiction can eliminate the hassle of visa applications and significantly expand the number of destinations you can visit visa-free (often 80–180 countries).
3. Families Seeking Security
Many “cheapest citizenship by investment” programs allow applicants to include spouses, children, and sometimes parents, offering them better education, healthcare, and lifestyle benefits.
4. Retirees
Opting for the cheapest citizenship by investment in Europe or the Caribbean can provide a tranquil, tax-friendly environment with modern infrastructure, making retirement more comfortable and financially sustainable.
5. Tax Optimization Seekers
Certain CBI countries impose zero or limited tax on foreign-sourced income, inheritance, and capital gains, enabling a more efficient wealth management strategy.
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Factors Influencing the Cost of Citizenship by Investment
Even with a focus on “the cheapest citizenship by investment,” total expenses can vary widely based on multiple factors. The primary investment or the base cost is the largest expense an investor should expect. However, there are other fees associated with citizenship by investment programs. It’s worth mentioning that most countries minimize the total costs by lowering the auxiliary expenses for the investors.
The Primary Investment
The main cost of citizenship by investment program is the contribution required to qualify for the program. Typically, the investment is made in real estate, government funds, bank deposits, and business investments. The amount of contribution may vary from $230,000 to several million dollars.
Due Diligence Fees
Let’s first understand what a Due Diligence Check is. It’s an audit that systematically analyzes the investor’s financial, legal, and operational aspects to ensure the applicant has no disqualifying factors. The purpose is to identify potential risks, liabilities, financial burdens, and criminal records that could potentially impact the success of an investment. Costs can range from USD 5,000 to USD 25,000 (or more), influenced by family size, application complexity, and program regulations.
Family Inclusions
Adding spouses, children, or dependent parents often raises the overall price (donation or real estate threshold). Some nations offer family bundles to reduce incremental fees.
Legal and Professional Fees
As the process requires professional assistance, investors usually choose special agencies to guide them through the whole process. These agencies ensure that all documentation is correctly submitted and everything runs smoothly.
Processing Time
The timeframe at which citizenship is granted can greatly affect the overall financial planning and cost considerations. For instance, holding real estate for a specific period until citizenship is granted can introduce additional costs. These costs can significantly vary from one country to another.
Optional Fast-Track Fees
While most programs process applications within three to six months, certain countries have “accelerated” pathways (for an extra fee) granting citizenship in as few as 45–60 days. Faster processing can be more expensive but beneficial if time is critical.
Other Fees
The auxiliary fees associated with citizenship through investment programs include fees for application, medical examinations, translation and legalization costs, insurance, and more. Also, keep an eye out for application fees, translation and notarization, property maintenance (for real estate-based routes), and travel expenses for any mandatory interviews or on-site visits.
Understanding all cost components upfront is crucial before deciding which country truly offers the cheapest citizenship to consider for your particular circumstances.
Top Cheapest Citizenship by Investment Programs in the World
The Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda is one of the greatest countries to invest in. From beautiful beaches to economic stability and a favorable tax regime - this country has more to offer. Launched in 2012, Citizenship through an investment program gives investors a chance to become Antigua and Barbuda citizens.
- Minimum investment Amount
Antigua National Development Fund - 250,000 USD
Real estate purchase - 400,000+ USD
Business Investment - 1,5 mln USD
- Benefits
- Visa-free travel to 150 countries
- No taxes on personal income, capital gains, and inheritance
- A picturesque country with a stable economy
- Booming tourism industry
- Favorable living conditions
St Kitts and Nevis
St Kitts and Nevis is the first country to launch citizenship through an investment program. It gives foreign investors an opportunity to obtain permanent legal St Kitts and Nevis citizenship. Among the reasons why investors prefer St. Kitts and Nevis are the low tax rate on personal income, no taxes on capital gains, and a 10% corporate tax rate.
- Minimum investment Amount
Sustainable island state contribution - 250,000 USD
Real estate purchase - 400,000 USD
Public benefit investment - 400,000 USD
- Benefits
- Fast processing time for getting a passport within 45 to 60 days
- No requirements to live in St. Kitts and Nevis
- Visa-free travel to 161 countries
- The low tax rate on personal income
- Stunning natural scenery
St. Lucia
Introduced in 2015, the St. Lucia investment program gives endless opportunities for investors. The country is an attractive destination offering a peaceful lifestyle, economic opportunities, and a secure future. Hence, many investors opt for the St. Lucia passport as a secondary citizenship.
- Minimum investment Amount
National Economic Fund - 240,000 USD
Real estate purchase - 300,000 USD
Government bonds - 300,000 USD
- Benefits
- Fast processing time for getting a passport within 4 months
- No requirements to live in St. Lucia
- Visa-free travel to 139 countries
- No personal income tax, no inheritance or gift taxes, dividends or capital gains tax
- Incredible natural beauty
No personal income or inheritance tax makes it a strong contender for those seeking “cheapest citizenship by investment” with low ongoing costs.
Grenada
Caribbean countries offer the cheapest citizenship through investment programs. And Grenada is not an exception. Grenada’s investment program comes with a package of perks, attracting foreign investors around the world.
- Minimum investment Amount
Grenada's National Transformation Fund - 235,000 USD
Real estate purchase - 350,000 USD
- Benefits
- Fast processing time for getting a passport within 4 to 6 months
- No requirements to live in Grenada
- Visa-free travel to 137 countries, including the UK, the Schengen Area, and (notably) China.
- The only Caribbean country holding an E-2 Investor Visa Treaty with the USA, which means that Grenada citizens can apply for a working visa to the USA.
- Citizenship is transferable to spouses and generations without additional requirements.
- No personal income tax, no inheritance or gift taxes, dividends or capital gains tax
- Auxiliary costs are relatively affordable.
Europe
Greece
The Greece residency by investment program is considered a relatively affordable option compared to other EU citizenship programs. It provides investors and their families with the opportunity to obtain an EU passport and enjoy the benefits of Greek and EU citizenship. The programs can lead to a potential citizenship after 7 years of legal residency.
- Minimum investment Amount
- EUR 800,000 for prime locations (Attica, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini, etc.).
- EUR 400,000 for select urban regions.
- EUR 250,000 for certain renovations or commercial-to-residential conversions (in less central areas).
- Benefits
- Residency permit grants free movement across the Schengen Zone
- Freedom to travel, work, and live in any EU member state
- Inclusion of spouses, children under 21, and parents in one application.
- Access to high-quality public healthcare and education
- Potential for citizenship after meeting residency and language requirements (usually seven years).
Malta
While Malta’s citizenship through an investment program is not the cheapest option, the country offers a favorable environment for business and life, making it an attractive destination for many individuals. In contrast to North Macedonia, Malta’s program requires significant investment, but its overall affordability and quality of life compensate for it. Many businessmen and company owners prefer to set up their businesses in Malta as the corporate tax rate can be as low as 5%. Doesn't this sound alluring?
- Minimum investment Amount
Exceptional Service Direct Investment - 600,000 EUR or 750,000 EUR
- EUR 600,000 if you commit to 36 months of residency before applying for citizenship.
- EUR 750,000 for a 12-month fast-track route.
Investment in real estate - 700,000 EUR or lease a property at EUR 16,000+ per year.
- Benefits
- Fast processing time for getting a passport within 12 to 36 months
- Freedom to travel, work, and live in any EU member state
- Visa-free travel to 187 countries, including the USA and the UK
- Business opportunities with the EU, enabling business owners to function more effectively on a global scope
- Highly regarded healthcare and education systems, plus favorable corporate tax structures.
This is potentially one of the cheapest EU golden visa pathways once you factor in Europe-wide privileges, though it is pricier than many Caribbean routes.
Cheapest Citizenship by Investment for Families/Entrepreneurs and Business Owners, Frequent Travelers, Retirees
Cheapest Citizenship through investment programs is designed to cater to the specific needs of different groups. Applicants seeking a better lifestyle for their families, looking to expand their business horizons, craving to gain travel freedom, or desiring to retire in a relaxed and tranquil country have options available through citizenship by investment programs.
Families
Antigua and Barbuda provides one of the most affordable options for families, with a minimum investment of $230,000 under the National Development Fund. Additional costs apply for dependents, but the program allows entire families, spouses, children, and even parents to obtain citizenship together at a competitive rate.
Entrepreneurs and Business Owners
For those seeking to discover the world, the Maltese Golden Visa provides a visa-free pathway to 187 countries, including the USA and the UK. Also, Malta’s Citizenship by Investment program is an attractive choice for business professionals looking to expand into EU markets. With access to the European Single Market, investors benefit from business-friendly tax policies, a stable economy, and the ability to operate internationally with an EU passport.
Frequent Travelers
St. Kitts and Nevis and Malta offer passports that provide visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 150 countries, including major destinations like the UK, Schengen Area, and Hong Kong. This makes them ideal for individuals who frequently travel for business, leisure, or personal engagements.
Retirees
Caribbean nations such as St. Lucia, Grenada, and Antigua and Barbuda provide perfect climates, tax advantages, and a relaxed lifestyle, making them perfect for retirees. These locations offer low cost of living, high safety standards, and no taxation on worldwide income, ensuring a peaceful and financially secure retirement.
Benefits of Getting Cheapest Citizenship by Investment
Cheapest citizenship by investment is one of the easiest ways to obtain a second passport. It offers many benefits that enhance personal, professional, and financial life.
Global mobility - Gain visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 80-187 countries, including major destinations like the Schengen Area, the UK, and, in some cases, the US. This benefit enhances travel flexibility for business, education, and leisure.
Lifetime citizenship for future generations - Citizenship acquired through investment is often hereditary, allowing future generations to benefit without additional requirements or fees.
Favorable taxation system - Many Citizenship by Investment programs offer tax-friendly policies, such as no global income, inheritance, or wealth taxes, making them attractive for investors and entrepreneurs looking to optimize their financial strategy.
Access to high-quality healthcare and education - Enjoy world-class healthcare and education systems, providing security and opportunities for families seeking a higher standard of living.
Fast processing time - Most programs grant citizenship within 3 to 6 months, making it one of the quickest legal pathways to obtaining a second passport.
Financial diversification - Investors can protect their assets in countries with strong legal frameworks and financial systems.
Dual citizenship - Many countries permit dual nationality, allowing investors to retain their original citizenship while benefiting from their new passport's advantages.
No residency requirements - Many Citizenship by Investment programs do not require investors to reside in a country before or after obtaining citizenship.
Securing the cheapest citizenship by investment in 2025 is not just about saving money; it’s about making a smart, strategic choice that aligns with your lifestyle, career goals, and family needs. While the Caribbean continues to dominate the “cheapest golden visa” conversation due to relatively low investment thresholds and quick turnaround times, certain European programs—like Greece’s evolving Golden Visa—offer expanded mobility and the prestige of EU membership.
Contact one of our agents at Mirabello Consultancy to get more detailed information about the cheapest citizenship through investment programs.
FAQ
The fastest citizenship by investment programs are offered by Caribbean countries like St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, and St. Lucia. These programs often grant citizenship within 3-6 months, depending on the application processing time and investment type.
Yes, citizenship by investment programs are completely legal and are officially sanctioned by the governments offering them. These programs are designed to attract foreign investment and contribute to the host country's economic growth. Applicants must pass due diligence checks to ensure compliance with legal and financial requirements.
Yes, most citizenship by investment programs allow applicants to include family members, such as spouses, dependent children, and even parents or grandparents. However, including family members may increase the total investment amount required.
Many countries offering citizenship by investment programs provide favorable tax policies, such as no global income tax, inheritance tax, or capital gains tax. For example, Caribbean nations like Grenada and St. Kitts and Nevis have no personal income or wealth taxes, making them attractive for tax optimization.
Investment thresholds, due diligence costs, and program guidelines can shift from year to year. Always check official government websites or reputable advisory firms. Mirabello Consultancy is an excellent resource to stay informed of the latest changes, ensuring you have the most accurate information when choosing the cheapest citizenship to buy.
